Chloramphenicol – Broad-spectrum topical antibiotic for eye and ear infections.
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What is Chloramphenicol?
Chloramphenicol is a highly effective broad-spectrum antibiotic that’s particularly valuable for treating bacterial eye and ear infections. While the oral form has serious risks, topical Chloramphenicol drops and ointments are very safe and effective for localized infections.
Book an online consultation if you’re experiencing symptoms of bacterial eye infections (red, sticky, discharge) or ear infections. Our GPs can assess your symptoms and determine if Chloramphenicol or other topical antibiotics are appropriate for your specific condition.
What is Chloramphenicol used for?
- Bacterial conjunctivitis (eye infections)
- Bacterial blepharitis (eyelid infections)
- Bacterial ear infections (otitis externa)
- Post-operative eye infection prevention
- Corneal ulcers (severe cases)
- Infected styes and chalazion
How does Chloramphenicol work?
A broad-spectrum antibiotic that inhibits bacterial protein synthesis by binding to the 50S ribosomal subunit, effective against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria.
Dosage and Administration
Adults
Eye drops: 1-2 drops every 2-6 hours. Eye ointment: apply 2-4 times daily. Ear drops: 2-3 drops 2-3 times daily.
Children
Same dosage as adults—safe for use in children and babies over 2 years.
Important Notes
- For eyes: pull down lower eyelid and apply drops or ointment.
- For ears: tilt head and instill drops, keep head tilted for 2 minutes.
- Continue for 48 hours after symptoms resolve.
- Remove contact lenses before use (for eye preparations).
Side Effects
Common Side Effects
- Mild stinging or burning (eyes/ears)
- Temporary blurred vision (with eye ointment)
- Local irritation
- Allergic reactions (skin rash)
Serious Side Effects
Seek immediate medical attention if you experience:
- Blood disorders (very rare with topical use)
- Severe allergic reactions
- Persistent eye or ear irritation
- Superinfection with resistant organisms
Important Warnings
- For external use only—not for injection or oral use.
- Avoid prolonged use to prevent resistance and superinfection.
- Tell your GP if symptoms worsen or don't improve within 2-3 days.
- Very rarely, topical use can cause serious blood disorders.
- Not suitable for viral or fungal infections.
Drug Interactions
Tell your GP if you're taking any of the following medications:
- Generally no significant interactions with topical use.
- Minimal systemic absorption with normal topical application.
- May reduce effectiveness of live vaccines if used extensively.
- Safe to use with most other medications.
Frequently Asked Questions
How quickly does Chloramphenicol work for eye infections?
Most bacterial eye infections improve within 24-48 hours. If there's no improvement after 2-3 days, contact your GP as you may need a different treatment.
Can I use Chloramphenicol while wearing contact lenses?
Remove contact lenses before application and don't reinsert them until the infection has completely cleared, as lenses can harbor bacteria.
Is Chloramphenicol safe for babies?
Yes, topical Chloramphenicol is safe for babies over 2 years and is commonly used for childhood eye infections under medical supervision.
Why is oral Chloramphenicol rarely used now?
Oral Chloramphenicol can cause serious blood disorders, so it's reserved for life-threatening infections. Topical use is much safer.
Medically Reviewed by: Mohammed Hassan - Independent Prescriber
Last Updated: 2025-01-14