Sumatriptan – Selective 5-HT1 agonist for acute migraine relief.
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What is Sumatriptan?
Sumatriptan is the gold standard acute treatment for migraines, providing targeted relief by addressing the underlying vascular and neurological causes of migraine pain. Its specific mechanism makes it highly effective for migraine sufferers when used appropriately.
Book an online consultation if you’re experiencing frequent migraines, severe headaches that may be migraines, or need assessment for specialized migraine treatment. Our GPs can evaluate your headache pattern and determine if Sumatriptan or other migraine treatments are appropriate for your specific condition.
What is Sumatriptan used for?
- Acute migraine attacks
- Cluster headaches
- Severe headaches with migraine characteristics
- Migraine with or without aura
- Menstrual migraines
- Status migrainosus (prolonged migraine)
How does Sumatriptan work?
A selective 5-HT1B/1D receptor agonist that causes vasoconstriction of dilated cranial blood vessels and inhibits the release of inflammatory neuropeptides, stopping migraine pain at its source.
Dosage and Administration
Adults
50-100mg orally at onset of migraine. Can repeat after 2 hours if needed. Maximum 300mg in 24 hours. Nasal spray: 10-20mg per nostril.
Children
Not recommended for children under 12 years. Adolescents: specialist supervision required.
Important Notes
- Take as soon as possible after migraine starts for best effect.
- Can be taken with or without food.
- If first dose doesn't work, don't take a second dose for the same attack.
- Nasal spray available for patients who vomit with migraines.
Side Effects
Common Side Effects
- Tingling or numbness
- Warm or hot sensations
- Heaviness or pressure in chest, neck, or jaw
- Dizziness
- Drowsiness
- Nausea
- Injection site reactions (with subcutaneous form)
Serious Side Effects
Seek immediate medical attention if you experience:
- Chest pain or tightness
- Heart attack (very rare)
- Stroke (very rare)
- Severe allergic reactions
- Medication overuse headache
- Serotonin syndrome (when combined with antidepressants)
Important Warnings
- Not suitable for patients with heart disease, stroke history, or uncontrolled hypertension.
- Tell your GP if you develop chest pain, tightness, or unusual sensations.
- Don't use more than 10 days per month—risk of medication overuse headache.
- Not for prevention—only for treating active migraine attacks.
- Use with caution if you have risk factors for heart disease.
Drug Interactions
Tell your GP if you're taking any of the following medications:
- SSRIs and SNRIs—increased risk of serotonin syndrome.
- MAOIs—may increase sumatriptan levels.
- Other triptans—don't use within 24 hours of each other.
- Ergot alkaloids—don't use within 24 hours.
- St John's Wort—may increase serotonin syndrome risk.
Frequently Asked Questions
How is Sumatriptan different from regular painkillers?
Sumatriptan specifically targets the underlying cause of migraine by constricting dilated blood vessels and blocking pain pathways, rather than just masking pain like regular painkillers.
Why can't I take Sumatriptan to prevent migraines?
Triptans are designed for acute treatment only. Regular use can lead to medication overuse headache and doesn't prevent future migraines.
What should I do if the first dose doesn't work?
Don't take a second dose for the same attack. If it consistently doesn't work, discuss alternative treatments with your GP.
Can I take Sumatriptan with my antidepressants?
There's an increased risk of serotonin syndrome with SSRIs/SNRIs. Your GP will assess the risk and may prescribe with caution or choose alternatives.
Medically Reviewed by: Mohammed Hassan - Independent Prescriber
Last Updated: 2025-01-14